17These rings are indicative of your crystal framework of nickel and will be stated only by invoking wavelike Houses of light.这些光圈表明了了镍的晶体结构，而且只能通过光线中波的特征来解释。
按照透明度指标，水晶越透明，价格越高，好的透明的水晶加工出的成品晶莹剔透、光辉耀眼。透明度高的水晶能提升颜色的艳丽，否则显得呆板无灵性。光学水晶要求全透明、无双晶、无杂质。工艺水晶要求透明、少裂、少瑕疵。熔炼水晶要求透明，可有较多裂纹。三者价值依次降低，熔炼水晶只能作为熔炼水晶玻璃的原料。在工艺水晶中，晶体较大的，可用来做水晶眼镜和雕刻高档工艺品，因而价格较高。
水晶文化历史悠久，古人曾赋予它一串极富美感的雅称：水玉、水精、水碧、石英等。
The requested inside composition of huge crystals, much like the fluorite and quartz proven right here, is reflected in their geometric styles.
Fig. 4: Building blocks with different styles and area chemistries immediate the development of distinct crystal symmetries.
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石英：《广雅》称水晶叫石英，色白如莹者又叫白。为附的异形字。司马相如《子虚赋》就�?�?雌黄�?�?之句。苏林解释：�?�?，白石英�?”。
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One of the binary crystals, the best structures to visualise are People with equivalent numbers of the two varieties of atoms. The framework of sodium chloride relies over a dice. To build the lattice, the sodium and chlorine atoms are placed on alternate corners of a cube, as well as structure is repeated (Figure 3B).
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The fundamental units of solids are both atoms or atoms that have merged into molecules. The electrons of the atom move in orbits that kind a shell framework throughout the nucleus. The shells are crammed in a systematic get, with Every single shell accommodating only a little number of electrons. Distinctive atoms have unique figures of electrons, that happen to be distributed in a attribute Digital composition check here of stuffed and partly filled shells.
正常的水晶在生长时，多可以发现和柱形尖端棱线平行的生长纹（development traces）。由于在地底、岩洞中的生长空间多狭窄，尤其在遇到地震时，或地壳变动时，甚至容易遭到其他矿石的挤压，常常会压迫产生不同的「晶面」。还有，当水晶还是在液态状的时候，常常也会包覆着其他的矿石、泥灰一起结晶成长，如金红石（稍后变成发晶）、火山泥灰（稍后变成幻影水晶）等等。所有的这些，都是「自然的一部分」，请不要视为「瑕疵」。
水玉：中国最古老的称法叫水玉，意谓似水之玉，又说是 �?千年之冰所�?�?。唐代诗人温庭筠《题李处士幽居》写道：�?水玉簪头白角巾，瑶琴寂历拂轻�?”。水玉一词最早频繁出于《山海经》：�?又东三百里，日堂庭之�?…�?多水�?”；�?丹山出焉，东南流注于洛水，其中多水玉 ”；�?逐水出焉，北流注于渭，其中多水玉 ”。司马相如《上林赋》曰�?�?水玉磊河 �?。水晶得名水玉，古人是看�?�?其莹如水，其坚如�?�?的质地。
The C60 molecules, also referred to as buckyballs, are really sturdy and Nearly incompressible. Crystals are formed this kind of the balls are organized in an fcc lattice having a one particular-nanometre spacing among the centres of adjacent balls. The comparable C70 molecule has the shape of the rugby ball; C70 molecules also sort an fcc crystal when stacked jointly. The strong fullerenes type molecular crystals, with weak binding—furnished by van der Waals interactions—involving the molecules.